EPOC Work Package 5 designs the next generation of the AMOC observing systems. EPOC researchers define what is needed, evaluate new technology, and deploy field trial. This work draws on transport records from WP1, connectivity analysis from WP2, and future projections from WP4. WP5 is led by Dr Eleanor Frajka-Williams (Universität Hamburg), with Dr Pete Brown (National Oceanography Centre) as deputy.
Specifically:
Since 2004 and the deployment of the RAPID 26°N array, many observing arrays have been deployed to monitor AMOC strength and variability. These arrays focus on narrow latitude bands. They diagnose local sources of transport variability and regional impacts.
A step change in understanding requires a new strategy; we need to build on what existing arrays have taught us. We need to capitalise on recent technological developments: Argo profiling floats since 2004, underwater gliders since 2007, satellite gravimetry since 2002, and swath altimetry since 2022. Together, these enable a whole-basin understanding of the AMOC and its role in the Earth system.
EPOC is developing new observing system experiment tools that work across model types. These tools incorporate Earth observation and distributed platform observing alongside traditional mooring arrays. The result will be a fit-for-purpose whole-basin AMOC observing system that monitors change, improves models, and provides early warning for rapid changes. We will also trial new technology, including biogeochemical (BGC) sensors, to assess their performance over long deployments and capture the biogeochemical transports linked to AMOC and gyre circulation.
